Define: Binary

" In many systems error detection is all that is needed, for example when transmitting data over the internet, if an error is detected, the receiving computer can ask the computer sending the information to repeat that particular piece of data. In other systems, however, such as transmission of data from remote space probes, this is not possible, so sufficient information has to be included with the data so that a small number of errors can be successfully corrected. ..."
Source Chris Sawer Codes


The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. More specifically, the usual base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Owing to its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used internally by all modern computers.

[edit] Representation
A binary number can be represented by any sequence of bits (binary digits), which in turn may be represented by any mechanism capable of being in two mutually exclusive states. The following sequences of symbols could all be interpreted as the same binary numeric value of 667:

1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
- - - -
x o x o o x x o x x
y n y n n y y n y y

When spoken, binary numerals are usually read digit-by-digit, in order to distinguish them from decimal numbers. For example, the binary numeral 100 is pronounced one zero zero, rather than one hundred...


Binary Decimal
0 0
1 1
10 2
11 3
100 4
101 5
110 6
111 7
1000 8
1001 9
1010 10
1011 11
1100 12
1101 13...
Source Wiki

That looks like crap, so... insert leading zero places in binary.

BIN DEC ALPHA
0000 0.......
0001 1......A
0010 2......B
0011 3......C
0100 4......D
0101 5......E
0110 6......F
0111 7......G
1000 8......H
1001 9......I
1010 10.....J
1011 11.....K
1100 12.....L
1101 13.....M

etc..

Source: Windows calculator and our ABCs